Wed., 9/25

*** Turn in Field Notes No. 12 tomorrow if you did not already turn it in today ***

Do Now—Exercise 12B—Model answer: Group identities evolved in the ancient near east. At first, people in Mesopotamia identified with the city-state in which they lived, worshipping that city’s god but respecting others. Two different groups, Semitic Akkadians and Sumerians, coexisted in the Akkadian Empire, but remained distinct. When the Gutians invaded, these Akkadian Semites and Sumerians realized their identity as a civilized nation over and against the barbarian invaders. Finally, with the rise of Abrahamic monotheism, Hebrews distinguished their identity over and against other Western Semites through an exclusive covenant with YHWH.

Read: p. 147, ¶ 1 – p. 148, ¶ 2 p. 148, ¶ 4 – 5 p. 149, ¶ 5 – p. 150, ¶ 4

HW—Exercise 13A—copy the following verbatim: Akhtoy I/Achthoes – Akhtoy was the founder of the Ninth Dynasty of Egypt. In reality Akhtoy was only the governor of the province centered at Herakleopolis, not the pharaoh of all Egypt. Mentuhotep – Mentuhotep, the king of Thebes, conquered Herakleopolis and reunited Lower Egypt to Upper Egypt. His reign marked the end of the First Intermediate Period and the beginning of the Middle Kingdom. Amenemhet I – As the first king of Dynasty 12, Amenemhet commissioned: the “Prophecy of Neferty;” a new pyramid; and a new capital city, Itj-taway, “Seizer of the Two Lands.” Senusret I – The son of Amenemhet, Senusret built a series of forts in Nubia, including the fortress at Buhen.